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Also see the Nutrition Glossary
Galactose (guh-LAK-tos)
A type of sugar found in milk products and sugar beets. It is also made by the body. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has calories.


Galactosemia (guh-LAK-toh-SEE-mee-uh)
Buildup of galactose in the blood. Caused by lack of one of the enzymes needed to break down galactose into glucose.


Gallbladder (GAWL-blah-dur)
The organ that stores the bile made in the liver. Connected to the liver by bile ducts. The gallbladder can store about 1 cup of bile. Eating signals the gallbladder to empty the bile through the bile ducts to help digest fats.

 

Gallstones (GAWL-stonz)
The solid masses or stones made of cholesterol or bilirubin that form in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

Gallstones
Ganglion (GANG-glee-on)
pl. ganglia; any group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system


Gangrene
The death of body tissue. It is most often caused by a loss of blood flow, especially in the legs and feet.


Gardner's Syndrome (GARD-nurz sin-drohm)
A condition in which many polyps form throughout the digestive tract. Because these polyps are likely to cause cancer, the colon and rectum are often removed to prevent colorectal cancer.


Gastrectomy (gah-STREK-tuh-mee)
An operation to remove all or part of the stomach.


Gastric (GAH-strik)
Related to the stomach.


Gastric Juices (GAH-strik JOO-suz)
Liquids produced in the stomach to help break down food and kill bacteria.


Gastric Resection (GAH-strik ree-SEK-shun)
An operation to remove part or all of the stomach.


Gastric Ulcer (GAH-strik UL-sur)
See Stomach Ulcer.


Gastrin (GAH-strin)
A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid.


Gastritis (gah-STRY-tis)
An inflammation of the stomach lining.


Gastrocolic Reflex (GAH-stroh-KAW-lick REE-fleks)
Increase of muscle movement in the gastrointestinal tract when food enters an empty stomach. May cause the urge to have a bowel movement right after eating.


Gastroenteritis (GAH-stroh-en-tuh-RY-tis)
An infection or irritation of the stomach and intestines. May be caused by bacteria or parasites from spoiled food or unclean water. Other causes include eating food that irritates the stomach lining and emotional upsets such as anger, fear, or stress. Symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping. See also Infectious Diarrhea and Travelers' Diarrhea.

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