Calcium
This MINERAL,
we've been taught since grammar school, builds strong bones and teeth.
In fact, 99 percent of the body's supply of calcium goes into the
formation and maintenance of bones and teeth. Maintenance is
the key word here for calcium is constantly being shuttled from bones to
meet other bodily needs (the transmission of
nerve
impulses, for example, the clotting of blood, the regulation of
heart muscle rhythm and the absorption of VITAMIN B12). Then, if there's an excess, it's redeposited. Hormones and VITAMIN D control the body's use of calcium; indeed, the body can't even
absorb calcium without vitamin D. Recent studies suggest that calcium
plays a far bigger role in the body than originally thought. It may be
important in both preventing and treating high blood pressure
(hypertension). It's been found to ease the symptoms of PMS, to reduce
the risk of heart disease, strokes, colon cancer, even kidney stones.
babies:
birth to 6 months
6 to 12 months |
210 mg per day
270 mg per day |
children:
1 to 3 years
4 to 8 years
9 to 13 years |
500 mg per day
800 mg per day
1,300 mg per day |
adults:
14 to 18 years
19 to 50 years
51+ years |
1,300 mg per day
1,000 mg per day
1,200 mg per day |
pregnant women:
18 years or less
19 to 50 years |
1,300 mg per day
1,000 mg per day |
nursing mothers:
18 years or less
19 to 50 years |
1,300 mg per day
1,000 mg per day |
Retarded growth and deformed or brittle bones in children, dental
caries, osteoporosis in adults.
All dairy products except butter; dried peas and
beans; most dark leafy greens (beet and turnip tops, kale and collards but
not spinach or Swiss chard); the soft bones of canned fish.
Precautions: A high PROTEIN
diet can accelerate calcium loss, as can too much SODIUM
or CAFFEINE,
postmenopausal hormone changes, lack of exercise and certain steroids.
Fiber interferes with the absorption of calcium (particularly bean, nut,
wheat BRAN
or seed fiber). And OXALIC
ACID, present in spinach, Swiss chard, rhubarb, almonds and chocolate,
combines with calcium to form calcium oxalate, a chemical SALT
the body can't use. On the other hand, too much calcium blocks the
absorption of IRON and ZINC.
Being water soluble, thiamin tends to leach out in the cooking water.
It is also destroyed by heat. Indeed, as much as 30 percent of the
thiamin can be lost as a loaf of bread bakes and another 10 to 30
percent as a slice of it toasts. Alcohol impairs the body's ability to
absorb thiamin, as does tea, if drunk in prodigious quantities.
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