Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

A child is given the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), also called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) when he is considered overactive, cannot pay attention and cannot sit still, ALL VERY subjective symptoms. ADD is diagnosed four times more frequently in boys because boys mature more slowly than girls and because boys are put in classes at school with girls of the same age, so the boys, being less mature, appear to be hyperactive. Irritability anger and mental confusion may also be present so these children are then labeled as having a "Learning Disability." However, these symptoms are virtually identical to the symptoms of hypoglycemia, low blood sugar which is caused by the up and down swings of insulin resulting from eating too much refined sugar.

Attention Deficit Disorder and Ritalin have become almost synonymous. Up to 90% of children who are first diagnosed with ADD receive a prescription for Ritalin. At least a dozen other drugs are prescribed for these symptoms as well. There has been a 500% increase in the use of Ritalin alone since 1991. Short- term use of these medications is associated with a 70 to 80% improvement in symptoms. So naturally, it appears that the drugs have solved the problem. However, these studies don't show the entire picture. Very few long-term studies have been done evaluating the success of amphetamine-type medication such as Ritalin, for ADD symptoms, and the few studies that do exist do not present a very encouraging picture. For years, it was thought that children outgrew symptoms of ADD so they were treated with drugs, until they "outgrew" the condition.

However, This has been found NOT to be the case. Children do NOT outgrow ADD symptoms. In 1990, an eight-year prospective study of hyperactive children was instituted. More than 80% of the children studied had been treated with medications. Sixty- three percent of the group had received the benefit of psychological services and 35% had special educational accommodations.

At the end of the eight years, 80% continued to have the ADD symptoms, while 60% had advanced to Opposition Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) diagnoses. (Barkley R., Fischer M, et al:The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: J Am Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry 29 (4):546-556 July 1990.) These two diagnoses are considered to be much worse than the ADD diagnosis. A literature review dating back to 1971 showed little to be encouraged about. Children with ADD were more likely to fail subjects in school and dropped out of school more frequently. Fewer attended college. And there were NO statistical differences between the long-term results of children treated with medications and those who did not use medications. These studies indicate that there is little evidence of long-term success with the use of medications for hyperactivity.

Since ADD is actually a false diagnosis, symptoms that seem to be related to ADD are due to other factors. Don't let a doctor or psychiatrist convince you otherwise. If you child displays behavior and it becomes a problem, then read below on the actual possible causes. Don't get sucked into drug thearpy.

In a study of 803 New York public schools and nine juvenile correction facilities, researchers increased fruits and vegetables and whole grains and decreased fats and sugars over a couple of years. No other changes were made in the schools or correctional facilities. Consequently, the academic performance of 1.1 million children rose 16% and learning disabilities fell 40%. In the juvenile correction facilities violent and non-violent antisocial behavior fell 48%.70

The Washington D.C. based Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) cited 17 controlled studies in a 1999 report that found diet adversely affects some children's behavior, sometimes dramatically. Most of the studies focused on {food_additives} artificial colors, while some also examined the effects of milk, corn and other common foods. The percentage of children who were affected by diet and the magnitude of the effect varied widely among the studies.71

The following list shows a few of the things that can look like symptoms of "ADHD" but which are actually either "allergic" reactions or the result of a lack of vitamins (nutrition) in the body:

High levels of lead from the environment can place children at risk of both school failure and delinquent (bad) behavior.

High mercury (chemical) levels in the body may cause agitation; mercury amalgam dental fillings can affect a small but significant number of people, causing mercury sensitivity leading to headaches, restless behavior, and irritability.

Pesticides (like those used to kill insects such as fly spray or ant-killer) can create nervousness, poor concentration, irritability, memory problems, and depression.

{anemia} Iron-deficiency anemia can lead to despondency, fatigue and often aggression and irritability.

Too much sugar can make a person "too active" or "hyper." Our modern-day fast food, which can lack nutritional value, can also make you feel terrible.

Temporal lobe seizures, sometimes almost continuous and often too subtle to be detected by the eye, can cause violent outbursts, restless movements, and bizarre behavior.

Hyperthyroidism can manifest the symptoms of "hyperactivity."

Our doctors and clinicians can do tests to determine if a person is having an allergic reaction to something or if there is some other underlying medical cause for symptoms relating to a false diagnosis of ADD. You can take a free test to determine if there is a medical cause for this syndrome.

HYPERACTIVITY--They can't stay still. They are constantly moving and fidgeting. They are under chairs or tables or climbing over furniture. (I know I did this as a child and I wasn't labeled).

IMPULSIVENESS--They move or change directions very quickly. They will be doing one thing and then suddenly start doing something else. They "act before they think." So what? I know adults that do the same thing. There are other mental aberrations that make a person do things on impulse.

DISTRACTIBILITY--They can't stay focused on one thought or task. They will be doing a task and the smallest noise interrupts them. Once again, perhaps there are other causes for this. This is simply labeling a person with a "syndrome". If someone visits their physician having chest pain, the doctor doesn't all at once say that the person is having a heart attack.

LACK OF ORGANIZATION--They cannot do the more complex tasks which require them to organize the larger task into a series of steps. Somebody has to tell or show them how to do each step. So what? Perhaps they need proper education.

FORGETFULNESS--They forget instructions. They forget to do things or tasks they have been told to do. They will start to do something and forget what they were supposed to do. Oh boy, doesn't this happen to adults to?

PROCRASTINATION--They have trouble starting and completing tasks or assignments. They are constantly putting off doing things. They can't seem to "get started." There are other "whys" on why a person can't get started. Perhaps they have a personal or family situation and feel withdrawn. Have you ever felt this way? A drug won't solve inabilities to cope with life.

A medical "diagnosis" of ADD is simply by symptoms. There is no defined disease called ADD. There is no clinical proof of its existence. PERIOD.

The adverse reactions (side effects) for Ritalin include nervousness, insomnia, joint pains, fever, anorexia, nausea, dizziness, palpitations, headache, dyskinesia, drowsiness, increased blood pressure and pulse, rapid heart rate, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, abdominal pain, actual psychosis. And there is a major warning in the Physician's Desk Reference regarding drug dependency.

The Physicians Desk Reference of Drug Side Effects notes that, regarding the pharmacology of Ritalin: "The mode of action in man is not completely understood." And this is what you're giving your child! The pharmaceutical manufacturers admit that they don't even know how it works. They're just experimenting -- on your child!

Ritalin has effects similar to other stimulants including amphetamine, methamphetamine and cocaine. There are 6 million prescriptions for Ritalin filled annually. The U.S. pharmacists distribute five times more Ritalin than the rest of the world combined. No other nation prescribes stimulants for its children in such volume. In fact, the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board has on two recent occasions written to U.S. officials expressing concern about the sixfold increase in Ritalin usage since 1990.

What about Ritalin and cancer? Scientific studies on carcinogenicity were finally released in June 1993 revealing that feeding mice Ritalin, induced liver tumors including very rare and highly malignant cancers. These results were found at dosage levels close to those routinely prescribed for children. Animal tests are very good predictors of human health effects. In fact, the International Agency for Research on Cancer suggests that if a chemical is proven to cause cancer in animals, it should be treated as if it were cancer-causing in humans as well.

But the response by the FDA and the pharmaceutical company that makes Ritalin was predictable. The drug company wrote to 100,000 physicians informing them of the study showing that the drug caused cancer but said "It's not enough of a signal that we think kids should be taken off the drug." They reassured the doctors that Ritalin is believed to be "safe and effective" by the FDA.

Does the public school system have the right to force parents to accept the drugging of their child? They do in America. But the drug's side effects, according to vocal opponents of Ritalin, include: zombie-like behavior, growth suppression, behavior or thought disorders (exactly what it is supposed to treat) seizures; headaches, blurred vision, scalp hair loss, barking like a dog and babbling profanities. It can also result in mood swings, depression, drug dependence and inclination for criminal activity.

The American Psychiatric Association describes a hyperactive child - the target child for this drug--as follows:

"One who exhibits behavior such as fidgeting, squirming, answering questions before being called on, difficulty playing quietly, engaging in physically dangerous activities such as running into the street without looking, or one who has difficulty following instructions." That sounds like a normal kid to me!

I hope it's clear that drugs do NOT cure anxiety, depression nor supposed hyperactivity. In fact the English word pharmacy comes from the Greek word pharmakeia. Pharmakeia means sorceries and witchcraft. That's what drugs are - sorceries and witchcraft because they only treat symptoms while the underlying disease or condition continues to get worse.

The main stimulant used for "ADHD" is an amphetamine-like drug, which purportedly acts as a tranquilizer in children. It is more potent than cocaine, numerous health risks attend its use and it can lead to later drug abuse. The drugs prescribed for so-called learning disorders are not like the routine medications that a medical doctor would prescribe for a cold or fever; they are no less than habit-forming and mind-altering, psychiatric drugs.

There are numerous risks and inconsistencies associated with the prescription of mind-altering drugs for so-called ADHD or Learning Disorders. Here are some of the documented facts.

The FDA has reported, "A total of 4,400 health-related complaints of adverse reactions to methylphenidate, the main drug prescribed for ADHD, have been received since 1969. Thirty percent of those—more than 1,300 complaints—were reported in the last 15 months, including complaints of convulsions and tics, drug dependence, heart ailments, and death."

The U.S. National Institutes of Health Conference on ADHD in 1998 found that kids taking prescribed, mind-altering drugs still have a higher level of some behavior problems. As noted in the 2000 NIH ADHD Consensus Statement: "…stimulant treatments may not 'normalize' the entire range of behavior problems, and children under treatment may still manifest a higher level of some behavior problems than normal children. Of concern are the consistent findings that despite the improvement in core symptoms, there is little improvement in academic achievement or social skills.43

Recent studies show that children who take psychiatric stimulants for "ADHD" are 46% more likely to commit one felony, and 36% more likely to commit two or more felonies.44 Instead of overcoming supposed learning difficulties, these children are at risk of moving toward a life of crime.

Joe Vegas started down the road to methamphetamine addiction and despair when, at age seven, his mother first gave him a stimulant pill.51 This widely prescribed stimulant and "speed are the same thing whether people want to admit it or not," said Joe, now twenty-eight.

Psychiatrists prefer to call their drugs "medications." Perhaps this word conjures up images of some benign cough syrup prescribed by a kindly family doctor. Psychiatric medications however, are all mind-altering drugs, many are addictive, and all are abused.

The childhood use of mind-altering drugs is a major contributing factor to later cocaine dependence.52 The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) reports that taking the most used stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD, predisposes the user to cocaine's reinforcing effect—in other words, cocaine addiction.

According to the DEA, the street abuse of methylphenidate has become a major problem. Introduced to American schools in the 1960s, the drug now sells for $5 to $10 a pill on the black market. Known also as "Vitamin R," "R-ball" and the "poor man's cocaine," it is abused by grinding up the drug and snorting or injecting it.53

In an analysis of a community based group of adults born in the 1960s, the DEA concluded: "Preliminary data indicated the medicated ADHD group had a higher lifetime frequency of cocaine use and a higher percentage that used cocaine more than 40 times…this preliminary data suggest that stimulant treatment of ADHD in childhood may be a risk factor for cocaine abuse in adults."54

A study in the Journal of Forensic Science in 1999, agreed that there is increasing evidence that methylphenidate is being diverted to illicit use by snorting or injection, with some fatalities, at least one from intranasal use.55

A 1998 study of Californian adolescents diagnosed with ADHD found that, as adults, those treated with the stimulant were three times more likely to use cocaine.56

Mary Ann Block reported that between 1992 and 1996 production of the main "ADHD" stimulant tripled for psychiatric use; at the same time, cocaine use among teenagers increased by 166%.57

In August 2001, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that methylphenidate acts much like cocaine. Injected as a liquid, it sends a jolt that "addicts like very much," said Nora Volkow, M.D., psychiatrist and imaging expert at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY. The drug is chemically similar to cocaine, the study says. The study also admits that although psychiatrists have used this drug to treat ADHD for 40 years, they and pharmacologists have never known how or why it worked.58

Consider this study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal:

After a painstaking analysis of 62 studies of Ritalin treatment for attention deficit disorder, a team of Canadian researchers says it has found little scientific evidence the drug lives up to its reputation. More than 200,000 Canadian schoolchildren take methyl-phenidate, the generic name for Ritalin, a stimulant drug prescribed to help them concentrate and control their impulsive behavior. Many parents, teachers and doctors praise the drug for turning around the tumultuous lives of millions of young children. Yet a meta-analysis published today in the Canadian Medical Association Journal says the clinical trials of the drug have often been biased and poorly constructed.

For example, although patients may take Ritalin for years, most trials comparing the drug with a placebo lasted three weeks, with none lasting longer than seven months. In some cases, scientists studying Ritalin ignored or downplayed the impressions of schoolteachers, who thought children taking the drug were no better off than those taking a placebo. Finally, such adverse side effects as insomnia and loss of appetite have not been carefully measured. "Collectively, these observations likely reflect a less than an ideal state of affairs given the long history of extensive, and ever increasing, use of methylphenidate for ADD particularly in North America for groups that now include pre-schoolers and adults," conclude the researchers, from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and the University of Ottawa.

For a disease that didn't officially exist before 1987, attention deficit disorder has been remarkably catching. An estimated 5% of children are affected. Several years ago, the definition was expanded to the new name, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [AD/HD]. The symptoms include trouble concentrating, talking constantly, running around in a disruptive way, fidgeting and acting impulsively. Surprisingly, little is known about how Ritalin tames these symptoms, but scientists agree it clearly works in the short term.

A positive response to Ritalin, however, does not mean a child has AD/HD; stimulants can temporarily sharpen anyone's focus. Also, the drug does not raise IQ or remove the learning disabilities that often accompany AD/HD.

"Short-term managed behavior -- that's important for a lot of kids, but it's not going to give them the skills that they need to manage for the rest of their lives, because when the medication wears off, they're back at square one and, in some cases, maybe a little worse off," says Toronto psychologist Lynda Thompson, co-author of The A.D.D. Book. As a result, many people are seeking alternatives, including biofeedback and nutritional regimens. These have less dramatic results than Ritalin, but they make parents more comfortable. Indeed, a University of British Columbia study, also published today in the CMAJ, raises concerns that many children who are prescribed Ritalin don't need it.

Source: The CMAJ URL for the study: www.cma.ca/cmaj/index.asp

WARNING: No one should stop taking any psychiatric drug without advice and assistance by a competent non-psychiatric medical doctor.

If food allergies are present these will need to be tested.

1) Change the child's diet to all natural whole foods. This means fruit, grains and vegetables full of natural vitamins, minerals and enzymes.

2) Eliminate dairy products and other animal products because these contain hormones, pesticides, antibiotics and the diseasesof the animal itself.

3) Eliminate caffeine, sugar and other sweets, processed food, MSG, aspartame (Nutrasweet) and other sugar substitutes and any foods that contain preservatives, food dyes or other chemicals.

4) Eliminate eating at fast food restaurants as most of these apparently use MSG and preservatives, plus the food in many restaurants often contains less nutrition, but many harmful chemicals.

5) Encourage the child to eat a lot of raw fruit and vegetables because they are full of health-producing enzymes, vitamins and minerals.

6. Drink water, and fresh home-made vegetable and home-made fruit juice. Eliminate soda pop, caffeinated beverages or milk from cows or any other animal. Rice Drean (rice milk) from your health
food store is a reasonable substitute.

7. No white bread. Only whole grain bread, either home baked or from a health food store.

8. No white rice. Only whole grain brown rice and other whole grains.

9. No peanut butter: It contains aflatoxin, a fungus that causes cancer. Instead use Almond butter (It spreads like peanut butter and tastes just as good) from your health food store or other store.
Also you can make home-made cashew nut butter.

Other dietary changes that may be helpful: The two most studied dietary approaches to ADD are the Feingold diet and a hypoallergenic diet. The Feingold diet (see below) was developed by Benjamin Feingold, M.D., on the premise that salicylates (chemicals similar to aspirin that are found in a wide variety of foods) are an underlying cause of hyperactivity. In some studies, this hypothesis did not appear to hold up.⁴ But in studies where markedly different levels of salicylates were investigated, a causative role for salicylates could be detected in some hyperactive children.5 As many as 10–25% of children may be sensitive to salicylates.6 Parents of ADD children can contact local Feingold Associations for more information about which foods and medicines contain salicylates.

The Feingold diet also eliminates synthetic additives, dyes, and chemicals, which are commonly added to processed foods. The yellow dye, tartrazine, has been specifically shown to provoke symptoms in controlled studies of ADD-affected children.⁷ Again, not every child reacts, but enough do so that a trial avoidance may be worthwhile. The Feingold diet in any form is complex and requires help from an experienced healthcare professional.

In another study, twenty-six children diagnosed with ADD were put on a hypoallergenic diet, and the nine children who improved were then challenged with food additives. All nine showed an exacerbation of symptoms when given these additives.8 Other studies have shown that eliminating individual allergenic foods and additives from the diet can help children with attention problems.^{9 10}

Some parents believe that sugar may exacerbate ADD. One study found that avoiding sugar reduced aggressiveness and restlessness in hyperactive children.¹¹ Girls who restrict sugar have been reported to improve more than boys.¹² However, a study using large amounts of sugar and aspartame (Nutrasweet™) found that negative actions were limited to a few children,¹³ and most studies have not found sugar to stimulate hyperactivity except in rare cases.¹⁴

Results of 2 separate studies reveal that hyperactivity, and other behavioral conditions respond well to chiropractic care and even exceed results seen from medication.

There exists a positive relationship between cranial motion restrictions and learning disabled children, as well as children with a history of an obstetrically complicated delivery.

Children with ADHD and coordination problems were more than twice as likely to have a mother who smoked during gestation, compared with children who did not have ADHD. Many subjects with ADHD also experienced language problems (65% compared to 16% of children without the disorder). The study evaluated 113 6-year olds, including 62 who had been diagnosed with ADHD plus deficits in motor control and perception.

1971 - Study entitled "Hyperactive Children as Teenagers: A Follow - up Study". 83 Children were followed up on, from 2 to 5 years after being diagnosed as hyperactive or as having attention deficit. 92 % of the children were treated with Ritalin. Results were as follows:

1987 - Satterfield study states: "We found juvenile delinquency rates to be 20-25 times greater in our hyperactive drug-treated only group than in the normal control group." In the "Delinquency Outcome for the drug-treated group" the results were: of 61 Boys,

The authors go on to state "Studies of the long term effectiveness of drugs have been consistently discouraging."

1976 - Study by Riddle & Rapoport - it was concluded that among the continuously treated hyperactive children it was found that peer status and academic achievement did not seem to improve.

1976 - Study by Hechtman &Weiss stated: Thirty-five individuals aged 17 to 24 in whom severe chronic hyperactivity had been diagnosed 10 years before were studied together with 25 matched controls. Cognitive style tests indicated continued difficulty in reflection (resulting in more errors) but less impulsivity (longer reaction time) in the hyperactive individuals. Compared with controls, hyperactive subjects were continuing to have more scholastic difficulty, although this difference seemed to be less pronounced than 5 years before. Restlessness, both reported and observed, continued to be a problem for the hyperactive individuals, and socialization skills and sense of well being continued to be poorer than in the controls. The authors concluded that methylphenidate (Ritalin) did not significantly alter poor long-term academic performance, delinquent behavior or poor emotional adjustment.

1978 - Study by Blouin stated the following: "Clinical treatment with Ritalin was found to have no beneficial effect, and there was some evidence to suggest a poor behavior outcome for the drug-treated group."

1980 - Ackerman report entitled "Report on Drug Withdrawal Symptoms"; "The abstinence (withdrawal) syndrome associated with amphetamines, methylphenidate (Ritalin) is marked by lethargy, sleep disturbances and prolonged depression." "Depression is perhaps the most significant symptom."

In the book, "Predicting Dependence Liability of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs" researchers Travis Thompson, Ph.D. and Klaus R. Unna, M.D. describe the "chronic effects of stimulants in man": "Perhaps the best-known effect of chronic stimulant administration is psychosis. Psychosis has been associated with chronic use of several stimulants; e.g., d- and 1- amphetamine methylphenidate (Ritalin-P), phenmetrazine and cocaine."

1987 - The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III-R, states: That methylphenidate (Ritalin), along with other amphetamine-type drugs and cocaine, can create "persecutory delusions" and may "cause a highly organized, paranoid delusional state indistinguishable from the active phase of schizophrenia." It states "The person may harm himself or herself or others while reacting to delusions."

This American Psychiatric Association’s Manual goes on to state: "Initially, suspiciousness and curiosity may be experienced with pleasure but may later induce aggressive or violent action against ‘enemies’. Delusions can linger for a week or more, but occasionally last for over a year." This DSM III-R also states "Suicide is the major complication of withdrawal from methylphenidate and other amphetamine or amphetamine-like drugs."

1991 - Journal of Behavioral Optometry, "The Efficacy of the Use of Ritalin For Hyperactive Children". This study evaluates 22 previous studies/articles since 1976 concerning Ritalin use for hyperactive children. It states: "The fact that the above studies do not show the efficacy of Ritalin for helping hyperactive children should be apparent to the skeptic and make a skeptic out of the believer. But the argument should not stop at this point. The weak evidence of the value of Ritalin must now be viewed in the light of its reported side effects." And it concludes: "...at this time there is scant evidence for the use of Ritalin in hyperactive children to produce improved learning. This lack of evidence is consequential because of the many side effect produced by Ritalin administration."

1988 - Journal of the American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry, January 1988 Case Study entitled: "Methylphenidate-induced Delusional Disorder in a Child With Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity" discusses a case study involving a 6 year old child, J. R. who was placed on 20mgs of Ritalin in the morning and 10mgs in the afternoon, but due to measurable weight loss after 1 ½ months the dosage was decreased to 20mgs. After 4 months the child was placed on 20mgs of the sustained released Ritalin, the results were as follows: "Approximately 6 months into therapy, J.R.’s mother reported that the child was becoming physically and verbally aggressive and difficult to manage. He was agitated and verbalized repeatedly that "someone" was " going to kill "him." ...the child was suspicious and delusional, accusing others of thinking homicidal thoughts towards him " "J.R.’s stimulation (Ritalin) therapy was terminated and his behavioral disorganization and psychosis resolved completely over the next several days but only with a full return of his attention problems and hyperactivity." The conclusion: "J.R.’s psychological disturbance certainly seemed to have been associate with his methylphenidate therapy." The final paragraph of this study states: "Young (1981) suggested that psychotic reaction to stimulants in children may be common, as prescribing physicians are generally less alert to possible signs of toxicity when these medications are prescribed within normally accepted dose ranges. J.R.’s reaction was certainly more intense than what has usually been described and it is unlikely that his behavioral changes would have gone unnoticed indefinitely. On the other hand, as most reported instances of psychotic reactions in children have involved less dramatic behavioral changes, such as tactile hallucinosis, there may be considerably potential for such changes to remain unrecognized for prolonged periods of time."

The following steps are ways to help prevent ADD and ADHD and to reverse the factors that cause them:

1. Get proper rest. Children need a lot of rest and should go to be early.

2. Eliminate TV watching. It is reported that children watch an average of 43 hours of TV per week, that's longer than the average adult work week. While watching, they rapidly become almost hypnotized. It has been shown scientifically that within minutes of beginning to watch TV, the brain changes from the alert brain waves (beta waves) to the hypnotic waves (alpha waves) where the judgment center of the brain is bypassed. So the violence and decadence that the child sees, bypasses the judgment center in the brain and is implanted in the child's brain without any ability on the child's part to decide whether what they are seeing is right or wrong. The violence and decadence are accepted by the brain without any moral judgment being applied to it. It then becomes part of the child's permanent subconscious. What goes into a child's mind is just as important as what goes into his or her mouth!

There are several tests you can take to look for a medical cause for "ADD". The blood sugar test and the nervous system tests are a good place to start.

¹John Merline, "Public Schools: Pushing Drugs?," Investor's Business Daily, Oct. 16, 1997.
²Ibid.
³Dr. Fred A. Baughman, Jr., "The Future of Mental Health: Radical Changes Ahead," USA Today Magazine, Mar. 1997, p. 60.
⁴Dave Moniz, "Thousands of troops let go for psychiatric troubles," The Indianapolis Star, Sept. 28, 1999.
⁵ Feature story on Special Education, Mass News, Dec., 1998.
⁶David Reardon, "Mind drugs are hurting normal children: AMA," Sydney Morning Herald, Feb. 6, 1999.
⁷James Swanson, Transcript of presentation to the American Association of Adolescent Psychiatry (ASAP), Mar. 7, 1998.
⁸Richard DeGrandpre, Ritalin Nation, (Norton Publishers 2000), pp. 132-133.
⁹William B. Carey, M.D., "Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a Valid
Disorder?," NIH Consensus Development Conference on ADHD, U.S. National Institutes of Health, November 16-18, 1998.
¹⁰David Kaiser, "Commentary: Against Biologic Psychiatry," Psychiatric Times, December 1996.
¹¹Kelly Patricia O'Meara, "Doping Kids," Insight, June 28, 1999.
¹²Letter to Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D. from Gene R. Haislip, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration, Oct. 25, 1995.
¹³Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., Blaming the Brain (The Free Press, New York, 1998), p. 221.
¹⁴Joseph Glenmullen, M.D., Prozac Backlash, (Simon & Schuster, New York, 2000), p. 196.
¹⁵Ibid., p. 199.
¹⁶Ibid., p. 199.
¹⁷David Kaiser, "Commentary: Against Biologic Psychiatry," Psychiatric Times, December 1996.
¹⁸ Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., Blaming the Brain, p. 126.
¹⁹ Ibid., p. 126.
²⁰Sydney Walker, III, The Hyperactivity Hoax, (St. Martin's Paperbacks, New York, 1998), pp. 113-116.
²¹Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D., "The Totality of 'The Attention Deficit Disorder' Fraud," Jan. 19, 1998, quote from Lawrence Diller, M.D. of the University of California, San Francisco.
²²"Anatomical MRI of the Developing Human Brain: What Have We Learned? Magnetic resonance imaging; Statistical Data Included," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sept. 1, 2001.
²³"Right Hemisphere Dysfunction In ADHD: Visual Hemispatial Inattention and Clinical Subtype; Statistical Data Included," Journal of Learning Disabilities, Jan. 1, 2000.
²⁴"Attention Deficit/Hyperkinetic Disorders: Their Diagnosis and Treatment with Stimulants, 2000," The Pompidou Group, Mar., 2000, p. 25.
²⁵Ibid., p. 24.
²⁶"National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD" Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb. 1, 2000.
²⁷Adrienne Fox, "Disabling Students With Labels? More Kids Winding Up in Special-Ed Programs," Investor's Business Daily, Mar. 17, 1998.
²⁸Ibid.
²⁹Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D., "Why Public schools Equals 'At Risk,'" paper presented to the Philadelphia CCHR Commission Hearing, written Sept. 10, 1997, citing Scientific American, Nov. 1996.
³⁰Paul R. McHugh, "How Psychiatry Lost Its Way," American Jewish Committee—Commentary, Dec. 1, 1999.
³¹Professors Herb Kutchins & Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy, DSM: The Psychiatric Bible and The Creation of Mental Disorders, (The Free Press, New York, 1997), pp. 11-12.
³²Thomas Szasz, M.D., Cruel Compassion: Psychiatry's Control of Society's Unwanted, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994), p. 67.
³³Op. cit., Sydney Walker, III, M.D., The Hyperactivity Hoax, p. 47.
³⁴Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D., testimony to the Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe, Nov. 23, 2001, citing Griffith JD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Testimony to: Federal Involvement in the Use of Behavior Modification Drugs on Grammar School Children of The Right to Privacy Inquiry Hearing Before Subcommittee on The Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives 91st Congress, Second Session, Sept. 29, 1970.
³⁵Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., Blaming the Brain, p. 133.
³⁶Physician's Desk Reference—1998, (Medical Economics Co., N.J.), pp. 1896-1897.
³⁷Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R), (American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 1987), p. 136.
³⁸"Role of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity," Raul R. Gainetdinov; William C. Wetsel; Edward D. Sara R. Levin Jones; Mohamed Jaber; Marc G. Caron, Science, Jan. 15, 1999.
³⁹Op. cit., National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, p. 5.
⁴⁰Ibid.
⁴¹"A Drug Disaster?" Doctors for Disaster Preparedness Newsletter, September 2001 Vol. XVIII, No. 5, citing Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, (1999); 44:811-813.
⁴²Ibid., p. 53.
⁴³Op. cit., National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, p. 4.
⁴⁴Dr. Mary Ann Block, No More ADHD, (Block Books, Texas, 2001), p. 4.
⁴⁵Op. cit., "A Drug Disaster?" Doctors for Disaster Preparedness Newsletter, citing Journal of Child Neurology, 2000; 15:265-267.
⁴⁶Op. cit., Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D., testimony to the Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe.
⁴⁷Ibid.
⁴⁸Ibid.
⁴⁹Op. cit., "A Drug Disaster?"
⁵⁰Ibid., "A Drug Disaster?" citing Journal of Child Neurology, 2000; 15:265-267.
⁵¹Diane Dietz, "US OR: Ritalin's Role in Drug Abuse Uncertain," Media Awareness Project, The Register-Guard, Jan. 30, 2000.
⁵²Nadine Lambert, director School Psychology Program, UC Berkeley's Graduate school of Education, report to NIH, News release, May 5, 1999.
⁵³Kathleen Fackelmann, "Health campaign takes aim at prescription drug abuse," USA Today, Apr. 10, 2001; Nicole Ziegler, "Recreational Ritalin," The Associated Press, 2000; Christine Langdon, "Tired? Pop your Pal's Ritalin: Students Using RX Drug as Study Aid," The New York Post, May 28, 2000; Kelly Trahan, "U. Michigan study finds more adolescents using Ritalin recreationally," Michigan Daily, Mar., 2001; Peter Maller, Laura Lynch-German, "Adults are becoming hooked on Ritalin's caffeine-like jolt," The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Feb. 12, 2001; Paul Zielbauer, New York Times Service, International Herald Tribune, Mar. 25, 2000, p. 3.
⁵⁴"Conference Report: Stimulant Use in the Treatment of ADHD," U.S. Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration Report, Dec. 10-12, 1996, p. 29.
⁵⁵"A Drug Disaster?" Doctors for Disaster Preparedness Newsletter September 2001 Vol. XVIII, No. 5, citing Journal of Forensic Science, 1999; 44:220-221.
⁵⁶Leigh Dayton, "Child's drug may be linked to cocaine use," The Sydney Morning Herald, April 18, 1998.
⁵⁷Op. Cit., Dr. Mary Ann Block, No More ADHD, p. 28.
⁵⁸Brian Vastig, "Pay Attention: Ritalin Acts Much Like Cocaine," JAMA, Aug. 22/29, 2001, Vol. 286, No. 8, p. 905.
⁵⁹Professors Herb Kutchins & Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy, DSM: The Psychiatric Bible and The Creation of Mental Disorders, (The Free Press, New York, 1997), p. 12.
⁶⁰Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., p. 215.
⁶¹"Patients group getting $3M a year from firms," New York Post, Feb. 28, 1999.
⁶²D.J. Jaffe, "How To Write and Edit a Better AMI Newsletter with Less Hassle".
⁶³Op. cit., New York Post, Feb. 28, 1999.
⁶⁴NAMI website - http://www.nami.org "NAMI Membership? Strong and Getting Stronger," 1998.
⁶⁵Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., p. 220.
⁶⁶"Dramatic Increase in Methylphenidate Consumption in US: Marketing Methods Questioned," "International Narcotics Control Board Releases 1995 Report Updating Illicit Drug Situation Worldwide," Feb. 15, 1996, p. 2.
⁶⁷"DEA Warns of Ritalin Abuse; Drug Manufacturer's Contributions to Advocacy Group Investigated," News Briefs, Mar., 1996, http://www.ndsn.org/MARCH96/PRESCRP.html.
⁶⁸Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D., "ADD: Does It Really Exist?" Phi Delta Kappan, Feb. 1996.
⁶⁹Jennifer L. Wood, Chief Legal Counsel, "Re: Students with Disabilities and Prescription Medication," Letter to the Superintendents of Schools, Principals, Special Education Directors, Guidance Counselors, School Social Workers and School Psychologists, Rhode Island, May 15, 2000.
⁷⁰Op. cit., Dr. Mary Ann Block, p. 84.
⁷¹Raymond M. Lombardi, N.D., D.C., C.C.N., "ADHD A Modern Malady," Nutrition Science News, Aug. 2000.
⁷²Op. cit., Sydney Walker, III, The Hyperactivity Hoax, p. 167.
⁷³Ibid., p. 165.
⁷⁴Ibid., p. 175.
⁷⁵Ibid., p. 160.
⁷⁶ Ibid., p. 175.
⁷⁷Based on the Works of L. Ron Hubbard, Learning How To Learn, An Applied Scholastics publication, (Bridge Publications, Inc., Los Angeles, 1992), pp. 41-127.
⁷⁸Nancy Rogers, Testimony for the Public Hearing on Psychiatric Abuse in the School System, Dec. 16, 1997.
⁷⁹Rebecca Chrisinger, letter to Nancy Rogers, given as evidence before CCHR's Commission Hearing into Psychiatric Labeling and Drugging of Children, Los Angeles, Nov., 1997.
⁸⁰Dr. Doris Rapp, Is This Your Child? (Quill Publishing 1991), pp. 33, 35, 108, 142, 145, 146, 130.
⁸¹Op. cit., Sydney Walker, III, pp. 102-103.
⁸²Ibid., pp. 7-9.