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Did You Know? |
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 Bypass
surgery costs patients approximately $30,000-$40,000. There are also risks
(3%-9% mortality rate during or after surgery).
Over
50% of bypass patients have recurrences within five years.
Balloon
angioplasty, another precarious, invasive form of treatment, costs the
patient $15,000 - $20,000 and presents high risks of recurrence within 3 to
5 months
Conventional
cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as Lovastatin, may cost an average of $500
- 2,000 per year, per person. These drugs have various short-term and/or
long-range side-effects.
A
chorus of establishment voices, including the American Cancer Society, the
National Cancer Institute and the Senate Committee on Nutrition and Human
Needs, claims that animal fat is linked not only with heart disease but also
with cancers of various types. Yet when researchers from the University of
Maryland analyzed the data they used to make such claims, they found that
vegetable fat consumption was correlated with cancer and animal fat was not
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 Blood
pressure is an indirect assessment of the force the heart must exert to
circulate the blood. It is effected by blood volume (water content),
peripheral resistance (contracted or narrowed arteries), and the heart
muscle's strength of contraction. Elevated blood pressure is a risk for
heart disease and blood vessel damage. The harder the heart must pump, the
greater the risk of damage over time.
Blood pressure is assessed using a stethoscope to listen for sound in the
brachial artery, while simultaneously measuring the pressure via a mercury
column. The procedure involves these steps:
1. A pressure cuff is
wrapped around the upper arm. The cuff is inflated with air to exert
pressure. Eventually, the pressure is high enough to stop the flow of blood
in the brachial artery, an artery close to the heart.
2. Pressure in the
cuff is gradually reduced until the stethoscope detects sound. This sound is
caused by blood flow, which has resumed but is constricted and turbulent. At
this point, the force of blood coming out of the heart is strong enough to
overcome the force of the pressure cuff. This is called the systolic
pressure.
3. The pressure in the
cuff continues to fall. Eventually, the stethoscope no longer detects sound.
At this point, the resistance against the force of blood (from the pressure
cuff) is equal to the resistance force in the blood vessels. Blood flows
smoothly past the pressure cuff. This is called the diastolic pressure.
The higher the
systolic pressure, the greater the force of blood coming out of the heart.
The higher the diastolic pressure, the greater the resistance of the
arteries to the flow of blood. Both cause stress on the circulatory system
and, in particular, the heart. Below is a summary of normal and various
stages of elevations in blood pressure. For those with elevations in either
systolic or diastolic pressures, a serious effort to lower pressure is
recommended.
| Blood Presssure Classification in Adults |
|
Category |
Systolic Pressure
mm/Hg |
Diastolic Pressure
mm/Hg |
|
Normal |
<130 |
<85 |
|
High-Normal |
130-139 |
85-89 |
Stage 1
Hypertension |
140-159 |
90-99 |
Stage 2
Hypertension |
160-179 |
100-109 |
Stage 3
Hypertension |
180-209 |
110-119 |
Stage 4
Hypertension |
210+ |
120+ |
|
Normal Blood Pressure Averages by Age and Gender |
|
Age |
Boys/Men |
Girls/Women |
|
1
Year |
96/66 |
95/65 |
|
10
Years |
103/69 |
103/70 |
|
20
Years |
123/76 |
116/72 |
|
30
Years |
126/79 |
120/75 |
|
40
Years |
129/81 |
127/80 |
|
50
Years |
135/83 |
137/84 |
|
60
Years |
142/85 |
144/85 |
|
70
Years |
145/82 |
159/85 |
|
80
Years |
145/82 |
157/83 |
|
90
Years |
145/78 |
150/79 |
|
100
Years |
145/78 |
149/81 |
|
