End Notes

1 Ballantyne, J. W. 1892. Trans. Edin. Obst. Soc XVII 99.
2 Jennifer Howse, president of the March of Dimes, quoted in USA Today. April 12, 2000.
3 British Medical Journal. September 26th, 1936.
4 Dr. Royal Lee. Malnutrition and Heredity. Lectures by Dr. Royal Lee, Vol.1. p. 89. Selene River Press, Inc. 1999.
5 York, Geoffrey. “Statistics on birth defects in Russia are staggering.” The Detroit News, July 30, 1995.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Czeizel, A. E. et al. 1992. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med 327(26): 1832-1835.
9 Lancet 346(8972): 393-396, 1995.
10 Dr. Royal Lee. Malnutrition and Heredity. Lectures by Dr. Royal Lee, Vol.1. p. 89. Selene River Press, Inc. 1999.
11 Rothman, K. J. et al. 1995. Teratogenicity of High Vitamin A Intake. New Engl J Med 333 (21): 1369-1373.
12 The New England Journal of Medicine, Vitamin A and Birth Defects — Continuing Caution Is Needed. November 23, 1995, 333 (21): 1369-73
13 Scope. The Upjohn Company. 1965.
14 Howe, A. M. et al. 1995. Prenatal exposure to phenytoin, facial development, and a possible role for vitamin K. Am J Med Genet 58(3): 238-244.
15 Am J Med Genet 1996 Oct 28;65(3):241-3 Hereditary deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors with skeletal abnormalities. Boneh A, Bar-Ziv J. Department of
Paediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
16 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997, vol. 66.
17 Dr. June Halterman. Univ. of Rochester. June, 2001. Pediatrics.
18 Thyroid Foundation of Canada. Thyrobulletin, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1998.
19 Haddow, J. E. et al. 1999. Maternal Thyroid Deficiency during Pregnancy and Subsequent Neuropsychological Development of the Child. New Engl J Med 341(8): 549-555.
20 Ibid.
21 Magnesium may help reduce birth defects. Associated Press report Dec. 11, 1996. Original article in Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec. 11, 1996 by Diana
Schendel of CDC, Atlanta.
22 Prasad, A. S. 1996. Zinc deficiency in women, infants and children. J Am Coll Nutr 15(2): 113-120.
23 Favier, A. et al. 1990. Effects of zinc deficiency in pregnancy on the mother and the newborn infant. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 85(1): 13-27.
24 Pfeiffer, C. C. et al. 1982. Zinc, the brain and behaviour. Biol Psychiatry 17(3): 513-532.
25 Cavdar, A. O. et al. 1980. Zinc Deficiency and Anencephaly in Turkey. Teratology 22: 141.
26 Archives of General Psychiatry 53(1):25-31, Pub. of the AMA. 1996.