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Did You Know?
Bypass surgery costs patients approximately $30,000-$40,000. There are also risks (3%-9% mortality rate during or after surgery).

Over 50% of bypass patients have recurrences within five years.

Balloon angioplasty, another precarious, invasive form of treatment, costs the patient $15,000 - $20,000 and presents high risks of recurrence within 3 to 5 months

Conventional cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as Lovastatin, may cost an average of $500 - 2,000 per year, per person. These drugs have various short-term and/or long-range side-effects.

A chorus of establishment voices, including the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute and the Senate Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, claims that animal fat is linked not only with heart disease but also with cancers of various types. Yet when researchers from the University of Maryland analyzed the data they used to make such claims, they found that vegetable fat consumption was correlated with cancer and animal fat was not
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Fats / What are Fats?

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30. Lasserre, M, et al, Lipids, 1985, 20:4:227

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33. Machlin, I J, and A Bendich, FASEB Journal, 1987, 1:441-445

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37. Simopoulos, A P, and Norman Salem, Am J Clin Nutr, 1992, 55:411-4

38. Watkins, B A, et al, "Importance of Vitamin E in Bone Formation and in Chrondrocyte Function" Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, AOCS Proceedings, 1996; Watkins, B A, and M F Seifert, "Food Lipids and Bone Health," Food Lipids and Health, R E McDonald and D B Min, eds, p 101, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, NY, 1996

39. Dahlen, G H, et al, J Intern Med, Nov 1998, 244(5):417-24; Khosla, P, and K C Hayes, J Am Coll Nutr, 1996, 15:325-339; Clevidence, B A, et al, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1997, 17:1657-1661

40. Nanji, A A, et al, Gastroenterology, Aug 1995, 109(2):547-54; Cha, Y S, and D S Sachan, J Am Coll Nutr, Aug 1994, 13(4):338-43; Hargrove, H L, et al, FASEB Journal, Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1999, #204.1, p A222.

41. Kabara, J J, The Pharmacological Effects of Lipids, The American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL, 1978, 1-14; Cohen, L A, et al, J Natl Cancer Inst, 1986, 77:43

42. Garg, M L, et al, FASEB Journal, 1988, 2:4:A852; Oliart Ros, R M, et al, "Meeting Abstracts," AOCS Proceedings, May 1998, 7, Chicago, IL

43. Lawson, L D and F Kummerow, Lipids, 1979, 14:501-503; Garg, M L, Lipids, Apr 1989, 24(4):334-9

44. Ravnskov, U, J Clin Epidemiol, Jun 1998, 51:(6):443-460. See also http://home2.swipnet.se/~w-25775/

45. Felton, C V, et al, Lancet, 1994, 344:1195

46. Jones, P J, Am J Clin Nutr, Aug 1997, 66(2):438-46; Julias, A D, et al, J Nutr, Dec 1982, 112(12):2240-9

47. Cranton, E M, MD, and J P Frackelton, MD, Journal of Holistic Medicine, Spring/Summer 1984, 6-37

48. Engelberg, Hyman, Lancet, Mar 21, 1992, 339:727-728; Wood, W G, et al, Lipids, Mar 1999, 34(3):225-234

49. Alfin-Slater, R B, and L Aftergood, "Lipids," Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 6th ed, R S Goodhart and M E Shils, eds, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1980, 134

50. Addis, Paul, Food and Nutrition News, March/April 1990, 62:2:7-10

51. Barnes, Broda, and L Galton, Hyprthyroidism, The Unsuspected Illness, 1976, T Y Crowell, New York, NY

52. Fallon, Sally, and Mary G Enig, PhD, "Diet and Heart Disease—Not What You Think," Consumers' Research, July 1996, 15-19

53. Ubbink, J B, Nutr Rev, Nov 1994, 52:11:383-393

54. Enig, Mary G, PhD, Nutr Quarterly, 1993, 17:(4):79-95

55. Enig, Mary G, PhD, Trans Fatty Acids in the Food Supply: A Comprehensive Report Covering 60 Years of Research, 2nd Edition, Enig Associates, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, 1995, 148-154; Enig, Mary G, PhD, et al, J Am Coll Nutr, 1990, 9:471-86

56. Holman, R T, Geometrical and Positional Fatty Acid Isomers, E A Emkin and H J Dutton, eds, 1979, American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, 283-302; Science News Letter, Feb 1956; Schantz, E J, et al, J Dairy Sci, 1940, 23:181-89;

57. Enig, Mary G, PhD, Trans Fatty Acids in the Food Supply: A Comprehensive Report Covering 60 Years of Research, 2nd Edition, Enig Associates, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, 1995; Watkins, B A et al, Br Pouli Sci, Dec 1991, 32(5):1109-1119

58. Zikakis, et al, J Dairy Sci, 1977, 60:533; Oster, K, Am J Clin Res, Apr 1971, Vol II(I)

59. Bonanome, A, and S C Grundy, NEJM, 1988, 318:1244

60. Nutr Week, Mar 22, 1991, 21:12:2-3

61. Fraps, G S, and A R Kemmerer, Texas Agricultural Bulletin, Feb 1938, No 560

62. Schantz, E J, et al, J Dairy Science, 1940, 23:181-89

63. van Wagtendonk, W J and R Wulzen, Arch Biochemistry, Academic Press, Inc, New York, NY, 1943, 1:373-377

64. Personal communication, Pat Connolly, Executive Director, Price Pottenger Nutrition Foundation

65. Enig, Mary G, PhD, "Health and Nutritional Benefits from Coconut Oil," Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation Health Journal, 1998, 20:1:1-6

66. Prasad, K N, Life Science, 1980, 27:1351-8; Gershon, Herman, and Larry Shanks, Symposium on the Pharmacological Effect of Lipids, Jon J Kabara, ed, American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL, 1978, 51-62

67. Belury, M A, Nutr Rev, April 1995, 53:(4)83-89; Kelly, M L, et al, J Dairy Sci, Jun 1998, 81(6):1630-6

68. Koopman, J S, et al, AJPH, 1984, 74:12:1371-1373

69. Personal communication, Mary G Enig, PhD

70. Sauer, F D, et al, Nutr Res, 1997, 17:2:259-269

71. Kramer, J K G, et al, Lipids, 1982, 17:372-382; Trenholm, H L, et al, Can Inst Food Sci Technol J, 1979, 12:189-193

72. Prior, I, et al, Am J of Clin Nutr, 1981, 34:1552

73. Personal communication, Mary G Enig, PhD. This lobbying against tropical oils is largely channeled through the Institute for Shortening and Edible Oils.



 
 

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