• According to Harvey Lillard's testimonial in the January, 1897 issue (p. 3) of The Chiropractic, he didn't learn of Palmer's new science until January of 1896, and received two treatments for his deafness between January and April of 1896

• 1896 (Jun): DD obtains Iowa corporate charter for the Palmer School of Magnetic Cure (Zarbuck, 1988c)

• 1896 (June 17): Palmer applies for corporate charter of Palmer's School of Magnetic Cure (Wiese, 1986)

• 1896 (July 10): DD incorporates the Chiropractic School & Infirmary (Zarbuck, 1988c)

• 1896 (July 10): Palmer is granted a corporate charter for Palmer's School of Magnetic Cure (Wiese, 1986)

From 1897 through 1902, DD Palmer's writing reflect "the man-machine metaphor. At this early state of theoretical developement of chiropractic, Palmer believed that the friction, vibration and heat that produced inflammation could derive from any type of displaced anatomy, not just bone impingements on the nervous system. Still, the founder of osteopathy, employed the same man-machine metaphor: "The human body is a machine run by the unseen force called life, and that it may be run harmoniously it is necessary that there be liberty of blood, nerves and arteries from their generating point to their destination".

"Our healing is done entirely by the hands; there are no drugs used; you can eat or drink what you please within reason. We use no electrical batteries, no instruments. Any one can step into our treating rooms. There you will see in each a table, two stools, and the magnetic manipulator...By having a knowledge of the anatomy of the human machine we can locate the exact spot where the wrong is which causes the trouble. Disease is only a result of inharmony, something wrong" (Palmer, 1897a, p. 3),

"I have taken lessons and studied Christian Science, Faith Cure, Mind Cure, Metaphysics, Magnetic and Osteopathy, therefore I am acquainted with each and know their differences. Any of them are better than drugging..." (Palmer, 1899, p. 1).

• Also by 1902, the magnetic manipulator of 1897 has become a "chiropractic manipulator". "....We don't look for an imaginary something and then try experimental specifics. We find displacements which obstruct natural functions. The medic doesn't look for obstructions but uses his damnable drugs to deaden and stupefy the action of the whole system of secretion and excretion and thereby obstructs action of all the vital channels....A human being should be examined at least once a year, and if any part is found out of place adjust it, and use as much good sense in doing so as you would in repairing a watch, an organ or a steam engine..." (8, p. 2).
   

• The turn of the century was a time of rapid change in health care as alternatives to traditional allopathic medicine arose, including chiropractic and osteopathy.
  
  What first emerged from these changes was confusion.
  
  As it happened with the early days of medicine, early chiropractors were not officially licensed by the government; chiropractors simply opened practices after graduating from chiropractic schools.
  
  By that time, however, medical doctors were required to have licenses. This discrepancy caused continual problems for chiropractors throughout the first half of the 20th century.
  
  In 1906, as D.D. returned to Davenport, he and other chiropractors were the first of hundreds of chiropractors convicted of practicing medicine without a license. He served 23 days of a 105-day sentence, then paid a $350 fine to be released.
  
  A year later, one of Palmer's former students, Shegataro Morikubo, DC, was arrested in Wisconsin for practicing medicine, surgery and osteopathy without a license. However, in a landmark decision, the judge and jury agreed that Morikubo was not practicing medicine, surgery and osteopathy. Rather, he was practicing something different - chiropractic.

• 1902 (Jun 28): DD arrives to live at 237 Marengo Ave. Pasadena CA (Zarbuck & Hayes, 1990)
   

• 1902 (Aug 2): DD puts ads in several Pasadena CA newspapers (Zarbuck & Hayes, 1990)
   

• 1902 (Sept 20, Friday): Pasadena Evening Star (p. 1) publishes [in papers from RB Jackson]:
  DR. D.D. PALMER UNDER ARREST: Charged With Practicing Without a License
   

• Mrs. Hayues of Sierra Madre Files Complaint as Result of Palmer’s Treatment of Her Husband, Now Diseased -Palmer “Removes the Cause.”
   

• D.D. Palmer of North Marengo Avenue appeared before Judge H.H. Klamroth in the city polic court this morning under a warrant issued on complaint of Mrs. Mattie I. Hayes of Sierra Madre, charging him with practicing medicine without a license. The warrant is said to have been issued at the instance of the district attorney’s office.
  
  The defendant appeared with State Senator C.M. Simpson as his counsel, who entered a plea of not guilty and secured a continuance of the case until October 4, at 9:30 o’clock. He reserved the right to ask for a jury trial in the interim.
  
  Palmer and the invalid finally came together, and it is said that Palmer made several visits to the Sierra Madre home, after having brought Mr. Hayes to believe that his disease actually could be cured. The doctor and patient would lock themselves in a room and refuse Mrs. Hayes admittance. After the doctor’s first visit the patient seemed better; but after the second there was a marked decline and soon the patient was in bed and finally he died, September 18.
  
  It is said that Mrs. Hayes suceeded in looking into the room during one of the doctor’s visits, and saw her husband upon the floor with Palmer upon him thumping and generally maltreating him. This was explained by Palmer on the ground that all disease results from trouble with the spine and that the treament was necessary to remove the cause. Following her husband’s death, Mrs. Hayes treatment by the “chiropractic,” who claims to be the discoverer of his method, which in this case is alleged to have been of a drastic nature. It was said the patient was beaten or
  manipulated by the practitioner’s hands until he cried out in pain, enfeebled as he was.
   

• MAY NOW BE REARRESTED
  
  Judge McKinley and Senator Simpson Both in Court to Defend Him on Charge of Practicing Medicine Without a License The case of the people against Dr. D.D. Palmer of 327 North Marengo avenue came to an unexpected conclusion before Judge Klamroth this morning, though it seems probable that the end of the matter is not yet.
  
  Dr. Palmer, the “chiropractic,” was charged with the practice of medicine without a license, the prosecution growing out of the death of George T. Hayes of Sierra Madre. This morning the case was set for trial and a jury was to be chosen. General Johnston Jones appeared for the district attorney’s office, while Senator Simpson and Judge McKinley represented the defendant. The latter was present accompanied by members of his family and friends, who between them brought several large baskets of books which were evidently expected to figure in the case.
  
  The court proceeded with the selection of a jury and several ?talesmen? were accepted were accepted and others dismissed, when General Jones announced that he preferred not to proceed further in the prosecution. He said he had discovered that the complaint had been drawn under the old statute instead of that now governing such procedures. Judge Klamroth consequently discharged the defendant from custody.
  
  It is understood that a new complaint will be ?pled? in a few days and prosecution recommended.
  
  It is said that th defective complaint was drawn by Deputy District Attorney Willis, who has a reputation for drawing ?sureet? complaints in the county. It was apparent from the array of legal talent that the doctor intends to make a strenuous fight.
   

• (Oct 4): DD's hearing results in dismissal of charges; DD sends telegram to BJ (Zarbuck & Hayes, 1990)

Standing, left to right: E.E. Sutton (1901), BJ (1902), O.B. Jones (1900), Solon M. Langworthy (1901); seated, left to right: Oakley G. Smith (1899), Old Dad Chiro, Thomas H. Storey (1901); this photograph first appeared in the February, 1905 issue of The Chiropractor.
 

• In 1903, a turning point occurred in chiropractic theory. D.D. Palmer's determination of the supremacy of the nervous system is marked by "discovery." This discovery supposedly precipitated a narrowing of theory: from displacement of any body part (including circulatory obstruction) to an exclusive concern for the integrity of neural function. According to the account in The Chiropractor, which may have been composed by BJ Palmer:
  
  "It will be of interest to "The Chiropractor" reader to learn how Dr. D.D. Palmer discovered that the body is heat by nerves, and not by blood.
  
  "In the afternoon of July 1, 1903, in suite 15 of the Aiken block, Santa Barbara, Cal., D.D. Palmer was holding a clinic. The patient was Roy Renwick of that city. There were present as students, H.D. Reynard, Ira H. Lucas, O.G. Smith, Minora C. Paxson, A.B. Wightman and M.A. Collier, in all told, eight witnesses.
  
  "The patient, A.R. Renwick, had the left hand, arm, shoulder and on up to the spine, intensely hot. Dr. Palmer drew the attention of the class to the excessive heat condition of the portion named; the balance being normal in temperature. He then gave an adjustment in the dorsal region which relieved the pinched nerve on the left side, also the excessive heat of the left upper limb; but he had thrown the vertebra too far, which had the effect of pinching the nerves on the right side, and immediately causing the upper limb to be excessively hot. He asked the class, "Is the body heat by blood or by nerves?" he then left them for two or three minutes. He returned and asked them, "Is the body heat by blood or by nerves?" The class unanimously answered "Nerves." Thus was this new thought originated.
  
  "The above circumstance is substantiated by a letter written that evening to the doctor's son, B.J. Palmer, D.C., also several following letters which further explained that the caloric of the body, whether normal or in excess, was furnished by calorific nerves. These letters were placed with other original writings in one of the ten bound volumes in order to prove the autobiography of Chiropractic from its birth. Here are the original writings which show beyond the shadow of a doubt who originated the principle of Chiropractic. The doctor's son anticipated that some sneak thief would try to appropriate the credit of originality, and would desire to rob his father of the honor justly due him, thus, his reason for compiling his original
  writings."
  
  "....Therapeutic methods give remedies to treat the effects. The Chiropractic idea is that the cause of disease is in the person afflicted, and the cure consists in correcting the wrong that is producing it." (23, p. 9); and:
  
  "....Therapeutical methods can only treat effects. Causes cannot be treated; they must be made right by adjustment." (23, p. 17).
  
  "....Chiropractic is distinctly a science differing from all other modes of healing; the less it is mixed with therapeutical remedies the better." (23, p. 4),
  
  and:
  
  "There are many who claim to practice Chiropractic who know but little or nothing of it. The discoverer and developer has been heard to say, 'It came near getting away from me.' It is therefore the purpose of this book and the parent school to teach this modern science unmixed. Those who desire to practice it with other methods have a right to do so, but if they call the mixture Chiropractic, they will hear from us publicly thro our monthly journal." (D.D. Palmer, quoted in 26, pp. 38-9).
  
  "TREAT-(Webster)-To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound or a patient.
  
  "ADJUST-(Webster)-To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relation." (Palmer, 1904, p. ii)
   

• D.D. Palmer mad a very clear distinction between allopathic and naturopathic treatment: "The cause of disease has been, and is yet, mysterious to the great mass of humanity. Chiropractic
  has solved the mystery. The old idea, that the cause of disease is outside of man, still prevails in most of the schools of healing, and the cure consists in finding something outside, which by
  being introduced into the body of the sufferer, will drive the disease out. Therapeutic methods give remedies to treat the effects. The Chiropractic idea is that the cause of disease is in the
  person afflicted, and the cure consists in correcting the wrong that is producing it." (Palmer, 1904, p. 9)
   

• "The Allopath and the Osteopath agree in that diptheria is highly contagious, readily communicable from one person to another, that Klebs-Loeffler bacillus is the cause. This theory is founded on fermenting spores being transmitted from one person to another as in yeast. In treatment they differ; the Osteopath aiming to do with his hands what the medical man tries to do with his drugs. The Osteopath gives a general treatment which takes five pages to describe, and over an hour of hard work to perform the 200 movements explained. This treatment is to be repeated every six to eight hours.

• Curriculum at Palmer school lengthened to 9 months for $500; shorter courses are also available: "six months, $400; three months, $300; one month, $200, ten days, $100" (p. 5)
   

• With Palmer as Editor and Leroy M. Gordon, D.C., as Manager the pair began to publish the bi-monthly journal, The Chiropractor Adjuster. Much of the contents of this periodical would eventually comprise Palmer's classic 1910 volume, The Chiropractor's Adjuster: the Science, Art & Philosophy of Chiropractic.
   

• "The Allopath and the Osteopath agree in that diptheria is highly contagious, readily communicable from one person to another, that Klebs-Loeffler bacillus is the cause. This theory is founded on fermenting spores being transmitted from one person to another as in yeast. In treatment they differ; the Osteopath aiming to do with his hands what the medical man tries to do with his drugs. The Osteopath gives a general treatment which takes five pages to describe, and over an hour of hard work to perform the 200 movements explained. This treatment is to be repeated every six to eight hours. "The Chiropractor replaces the displaced vertebra by one move, which takes but a moment. Wherein does the Chiropractor resemble the Osteopath or the Allopath?" (Palmer, 1904, p. 12)
   

• “What can Chiropractors do for poisoning? “A few years ago I was called to the infirmary to attend one of the students who was suddenly ill with stomach and throat trouble. One adjustment at S.P. gave immediate relief. The next day I was called to the same man with the same ailment and the same result. “The following day was Sunday. I was absent from home until sundown. Upon my return I found him in convulsions. I then saw that he had taken poison. An examination of his room disclosed the fact that he had sought to take his life by corrosive sublimate.
  
  “November 7th last, we had link veal sausage for dinner. I ate one, Mrs. Palmer one and a half. About five hours after, she became suddenly very ill. I saw that I had a case of ptomain poisoning. I could not leave her to call help. I gave her an adjustment with immediate benefit. She was relieved and went to sleep. During that day and the next, she felt as tho she had been sick. Ptomain poison is caused by decomposition without putrefaction. There are no characteristic postmortem lesions (molecular0 except that of gastro-intestinal inflammation.
  
  “These are the only cases of accidental poisoning I can cite the reader to, where Chiropractic has been used with success. Without further experience I would advise the Chiropractor to adjust immediately and send for a physician. If the patient is relieved by the time the M.D. has arrived, well and good; if not, then you have complied with public educated demands. Until we have had more experience, I would not advise relying upon adjusting alone if a physician can be called. “Vaccine poisoning is readily relieved, as experience has proven by a number of cases adjusted by the originator” (Palmer, 1909, p. 30).